Ernestine Tahedl RCA, OSA Biographical Notes
etahedl@interlog.com
Web Page: www.interlog.com/~etahedl
Ernestine Tahedl was born and educated in Austria and received a Master's Degree in graphic art from the Vienna Academy of Applied Arts. Following graduation in 1961, she collaborated with her father, Professor Heinrich Tahedl, in the design and execution of stained glass commissions until she immigrated to Canada in 1963. Her work is represented in public, corporate and private collections and galleries in Canada, United States, France, Switzerland, Austria, and Japan. Her awards include the Graduation Prize of the Austrian Government 1961, the Bronze Medal of the Vienna International Exhibition of Paintings 1963, the Allied Arts Medal of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada 1966, and a Purchase Award, Concourse Artistique du Quebec 1966. In 1967 she received a Canada Council Arts Award, in 1999 the Mayor’s Prize at Kyoto ’99, Kyoto, Japan, and in 2000 the Kobe Sun Prize at Flora Art 2000 at Awaji Island, Hyogo, Japan. She was elected a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1977 and of the Ontario Society of Artists 1984. She received the Governor General's Canada 125th Anniversary Medal in 1993. She was the recipient of the Arts and Letters Award from the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto in 2000, the Queen’s Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002 and the “In Celebration of Women” Long-term Achievement Award, Arts, in 2004. She was invited to participate in the Biennale Internazionale dell’Arte Contemporanea, Florence, Italy in 2003. She received the President’s Medal of the Ontario Society of Artists in 2006. The Varley Art Gallery of Markham organized and presented a Retrospective 1946-2006, curated by Katerina Atanassova, Curator, Varley Art Gallery of Markham, in 2006. This Retrospective travelled to several centers in Ontario: the John B Aird Gallery in Toronto, the Durham Art Gallery and the Georgina Arts Centre & Gallery. Tickle Scratch Productions produced a film for the Bravo television series: “The Artist’s Life: Ernestine Tahedl” under the direction of Michael Glassbourg in 2007. Preparations are underway for a solo exhibition in Niederösterreichische Dokumentationszentrum für Moderne Kunst, DOK, in St Poelten, Austria, in September 2012 and for the Moderna Galerija, Zagreb, Croatia in November 2012.
Statement
Although my paintings are recognizable as landscape paintings, each work does not represent a particular motif or place. It is the essence of a place that I strive for in painting. My inspiration comes from experience in travels in the Canadian Arctic and other regions of Canada, South and Central America and the Antarctic. In my studio, I filter these memories onto the canvas as an intuitive rather than an intellectual process. I explore and try to find the balance between the realistic image and the pictorial values for my paintings. The concept of multiple canvases and panels has always fascinated me. It leads me towards the medieval concept of religious paintings and their spirituality. I hope that spirituality and serenity are integral to my work. Colour and light are additional factors that guide my work. Colour to me is light. To quote Henri Matisse, "Colour was not given to us in order that we should imitate nature. It was given to us that we can express our emotions."
Ernestine Taheld on ThatChannel.com - July 20,2010
Major Commissions
| 1964 | Sisters of the Holy Cross Chapel, Edmonton |
| 1965 | St.
Timothy's Anglican Church, Edmonton McKernan Baptist Church, Edmonton |
| 1966 | Federal Post-Office Terminal, Edmonton |
| 1967 | The
Sanctuary, Canadian Pavilion, Expo '67 Le Trianon, Montreal |
| 1968 | Sculpture,
McGill University Campus Montreal Forum Carefree Lodge, Toronto Students Union, University of Alberta Cross Cancer Clinic Hospital, Edmonton |
| 1969 | First Presbyterian Church, Regina |
| 1971 | Mendel
Art Gallery, Saskatoon L'edifice du revenue national, Quebec Carefree Lodge, Toronto |
| 1981 | Residence, Judge et Mme J. Beauregard, Montreal |
| 1982 | Bibliotheque
Municipale de Ville de Varennes, Quebec Centre d'accueil, St. Bruno, Quebec Municipal Library, Greenfield Park, Quebec |
| 1987 | Annunciation of the Lord Church, Gloucester, Ontario |
| 1989-1991 | Restoration - Christkoenigs Church, Klagenfurt, Austria |
| 1990-1994 | St. Peter's Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church, Toronto, Ontario |
| 1999 | Glass Sculpture, Studio Konig, Vienna, Austria |
Solo Exhibitions
| 1971 | Wiener Secession, Vienna, Austria |
| 1972 | Galerie
les deux B, St. Antoine sur Richelieu Gallery 93, Ottawa |
| 1973 | Downstairs
Gallery, Edmonton Galerie les deux B, St. Antoine sur Richelieu, Quebec |
| 1974 | Gallery
93, Ottawa Ecole de Beaux-Arts, Montpellier, France Cultural Center of Lower Austria |
| 1976 | Galerie
les deux B, St. Antoine sur Richelieu, Quebec Sisler Gallery, Toronto |
| 1977 | Gallery
93, Ottawa Lefebvre Gallery, Edmonton Goethe-Institut, Montreal |
| 1978 | McDowell
Gallery, Toronto Centre culturel de Pointe Claire Stewart Hall Galerie d'art Manoir Rouville-Cambell, Mont St-Hilaire |
| 1979 | Vered International Art Gallery, East Hampton, New York |
| 1980 | The
Shayne Gallery, Montreal Lefebvre Galleries, Edmonton |
| 1982 | Lefebvre
Galleries, Edmonton McDowell Gallery, Toronto |
| 1983 | La
Collection Tudor, Montreal J. Arends Gallery, Edmonton Maison Louis-H. Lafontaine, Boucherville, Quebec |
| 1984 | Gallery Quan, Toronto |
| 1985 | J. Arends Gallery, Edmonton |
| 1986 | Gallery
Quan, Toronto J. Arends Gallery, Edmonton Glenhyrst Art Gallery of Brant, Brantford |
| 1987 | The
Shayne Gallery, Montreal Gallery Quan-Schieder, Toronto |
| 1988 | Gallery Quan-Schieder, Toronto |
| 1990 | Gallery Quan-Schieder, Toronto |
| 1991 | Gallery on Whyte, Edmonton |
| 1992 | Schieder and Associates Gallery Ltd., Toronto |
| 1993 | Schieder and Associates Gallery Ltd., Toronto |
| 1994 | The Bugera/Kmet Galleries, Edmonton |
| 1994 | Galerie L'Autre Equivoque, Ottawa |
| 1995 | Robert
Langen Gallery Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo |
| 1996 | The Bugera/Kmet Galleries, Edmonton |
| 1997 | Two Visions, Helen Lucas and Ernestine Tahedl, John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto |
| 1998 | State
Street Gallery, Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A. Four Canadians: Helen Lucas, Tom Miller, Louis DeNiverville, Ernestine Tahedl |
| 1998 | The Bugera/Kmet Galleries, Edmonton |
| 2000 | Trias Gallery, Toronto |
| 2000 | The Next Show-Helen Lucas and Ernestine Tahedl, John B Aird Gallery, Toronto |
| 2001 | Trias Gallery, Toronto |
| 2001 | The Agnes Bugera Gallery, Edmonton |
| 2003 | Trias Gallery, Toronto |
| 2003 | The Agnes Bugera Gallery, Edmonton |
| 2004 | Ensemble Helen Lucas & Ernestine Tahedl John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto |
| 2005 | Shayne Gallery, Montreal Trias Gallery , Toronto Agnes Bugera Gallery, Edmonton |
| 2006 | Agora Gallery, Chelsea, New York, Artist in Residence Shayne Gallery, Montreal Varley Art Gallery of Markham, Unionville, Ontario, Retrospective 1946-2006 |
| 2007 | Hubert Gallery, New York, NY John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto, Retrospective 1946 - 2006 Trias Gallery, Toronto Durham Art Gallery, Durham, Ontario, Retrospective, Spectrum Agnes Bugera Gallery, Edmonton Georgina Arts Centre & Gallery, Sutton West, Ontario |
| 2008 | Universal Imagination, Samuel J. Zacks Gallery of Stong College, York University, North York, Ontario Sari Paintings, John B. Aird Gallery Toronto, Ontario |
Group Exhibitions
| 1977 | 9th Burnaby Biennal Print Show. |
| 1978 | Conseil de la Peinture du Quebec, La Pleiade Gallery, New York. |
| 1980 | RCA
Centennial Contemporary Exhibition, Toronto. Les Metiers de l'art, Musee des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, France. |
| 1980-81 | Wesleyan International Exhibition of Prints and Drawings, Macon Georgia; followed by a travelling show throughout the USA. |
| 1981 | The 3rd Seoul International Print Biennale, Seoul, Korea. |
| 1982 | Conseil
de la gravure du Quebec, Hong Kong. Eight Independents Exhibitions of Prints, Kanagawa '82, Japan. |
| 1983 | Rockford
InternationalBiennal'83, Rockford, Illinois Cabo Frio International Print Biennal, Brazil. 15th International Biennal of Graphic Art, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. |
| 1985 | The
Great Ontario Quilt Event, The Art Gallery at
Harbourfront. Artists' Book Exhibition, City of Brampton Art Gallery, The Gallery and Library, Cambridge, Ontario, Grimsby Public Art Gallery. Hanga Annual Print Exhibit, Metropolitan Museum of Fine Art, Tokyo, Japan. Second Cabo Frio International Print Biennel, Brazil. International Biennial Print Exhibit, Taipei, Taiwan. 7 Viewpoints, MacDonald Gallery, Toronto. Group Print Show, Chong-Quing, Sichuan, The People's Republic of China. |
| 1986 | Hanga Annual '86, Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan. |
| 1987 | Academician Printmakers RCA, John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto |
| 1987 | Hanga Annual '87, Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan. |
| 1987 | Opening Show Academy House RCA, Toronto. |
| 1987 | 3rd International Biennal Print Exhibition, 1987 ROC, Taipei, Taiwan. |
| 1988 | Stewart
Hall Animators: Past - Present, Pointe-Claire, Quebec. Art Expressions – Juried Travelling Show Ontario Society of Artists Impression – Expression, Arts Center, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario |
| 1997 | Juried
Travelling Show, Ontario Society of Artists, Ontario Opened Juried Show, Ontario Society of Artists, Art Gallery of Mississauga |
| 1998 | Open Juried Show, Ontario Society of Artists, John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto |
| 1998 | Earth Works, Royal Canadian Academy Members Show, John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto |
| 1999 | Japan International Art Council Exhibition, Kyoto Museum, Kyoto, Japan |
| 1999 | Kobe Marine Gallery, Kobe, Japan |
| 2000-3 | Toronto 2000 International Art Fair |
| 2000 | Flora Art 2000, Awaji Island, Hyogo, Japan |
| 2000 | Hinoshimi Gallery, Kobe, Japan |
| 2000 | Akashi Municipal Museum, Japan |
| 2000 | Representation(s), OSA Members Juried Show, Lieutenant-Governor's Suite Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario |
| 2003 | About Water, Juried Member's Show Ontario Society of Artists. Fredrick Horsman Varley Art Gallery of Markam,Ontario and John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto Ontario |
| 2003 | Biennale Internationale dell'Arte Contemporanea, Florence, Itlay |
| 2006 | Artist’s Odysseys: The Arctic, Varley Art Gallery of Markham, Ontario Hubert Gallery, New York Print Show, Open Juried Exhibition, John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto, Ontario |
Limited Editions
Portfolio of etchings "Circle of Energy" published 1981 in collaboration with Artworld International of Edmonton and Victoria, Canada (48 copies)
Portfolio "Ernestine Tahedl: Retrospective 1946-2006". Limited edition of reproductions of the work exhibited in the retrospective.
Bibliography
Vie des Arts, hiver 1967-68
p.63-64: Les Vitraux d'Ernestine Tahedl, par Claude-Lyse Gagnon
Le Medecin du Quebec, Vol. 6, juin 1980, p150-153: Ernestine
Tahedl ou la feerie des couleurs, par Lyse Montas
Allied Arts Catalogue, Vol. 1, Oct. 1966: Ernestine Tahedl
Architecture Canada, 7/66 Allied Arts Medalist - Ernestine Tahedl
p212
Canadian Interiors, Vol. 17. Sept./Oct. 1980 p21-23: Art for
Buildings, by Elizabeth Barr
The Review, Vol. 64, 1980 p14-21: Born again glass, by Laird
O'Brien
Portfolio 80, Contemporary Stained Glass, 1980, p14-15, by Paul
Bennett, Stratford, Ontario
Passionate Spirits - A history of the Royal Canadian Academy of
Arts 1880-1980, by Rebecca Sisler Clarke Irwin, Toronto, 1980,
p275
Who is Who in American Art 1978 - 1997
Who is Who in Canada 1980 - 2008
Printworld 1982 and 1983,Printworld Inc.,Bala-Cynwyd,Penn.,
U.S.A.
Art Actuel au Quebec, par Guy Robert; Iconia, Mont Royal, Quebec
1983, p122-123, 170-171, 220-221
Contemporary Stained Glass, a Portfolio of Canadian Work, By Joel
Russ and Lou Lynn, Doubleday, Toronto 1985 p56-67
Craft Focus 3 - Ontario Crafts Council, Ontario Craft - Summer
1988 p5.
Die Osterreichischen Maler, 20 Jahrhunderts Band 4. S-Z, Dr.
Heinrich Fuchs - Wien, Austria p158 - 165.
Verriers du Quebec, Guy Simard 1989, Editions - Marcel Broquet
Inc., Quebec P. 111 - 120.
Stained Glass, Publisher Stained Glass Association of America,
Spring 1995, World Edition.
Who’s Who of Canadian Women 1995 - 2002
A History of Austrian Immigration to Canada, FC Engelmann, M Prokop, FAJ Szabo, editors, Carleton University Press 1996 p165
International Art Info, Japan 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
A History of Art in Alberta 1905-1970, Nancy Townshend, Bayeux Arts, Inc., Calgary, Alberta, 2005 p196, 242-4, 257-60
Contemporary Stained Glass Artists, Kate Baden Fuller, ABC Black Publishers Ltd., London, United Kingdom, 2006, p174
Tickle Scratch Productions film for the Bravo television series: “The Artist’s Life: Ernestine Tahedl” under the direction of Michael Glassbourg in 2007
International Artist, Issue 58, December/January 2008, “Balancing Reality with Freedom” Ernestine Tahedl, Canada, p50 to 59
Webpages
Center for Contemporary Canadian Art
Group Exhibitions - Stained Glass
| 1967 | Centennial Craft Exhibition, Canadian Guild of Crafts, Montreal |
| 1978 | The Magic of Glass, Harbourfront Art Gallery, Toronto |
| 1980 | Portfolio '80, Gallery of Stratford, Ontario and tour to Cambridge, Toronto and Edmonton |
| 1982 | Contemporary Canadian Glass, Wells Gallery, Ottawa |
| 1983 | L'Art de la Verrerie, Musee Marsil, St. Lambert, Quebec |
| 1984 | Contemporary Glass Screens, The Koffler Gallery, Toronto |
Solo Exhibitions - Stained Glass
| 1968 | Canadian Guild of Crafts, Montreal |
| 1980 | Shayne Gallery, Montreal |
| Lefebvre Galleries, Edmonton |
Artistic Societies - Elected Positions
Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
| 1980 - 1982 | Member of Council |
| 1988 - 1990 | Vice-President |
| 1989 - 1991 | Chairperson, Exhibition Committee |
| Academy House Gallery | |
| Organized, budgeted, curated, and installed exhibitions over the three years. Highlights included the Alan C. Collier RCA Memorial Exhibition one year after his death and an exhibition of Contemporary Italian Art in collaboration with the Italian Cultural Centre. |
Ontario Society of Artists
| 1986 - 1989 | Member of Council |
| 1987 - 1989 | Vice-President |
| 1996 - 2000 | President |
| Highlights included organization of events for the 125th Anniversary of the OSA including a painting and sketching canoe trip to OSA Lake in Killarney, the exhibition, OSA 125, a joint venture of the AGO and the OSA, and a 25-minute video celebrating the OSA Anniversary also in collaboration with the AGO. In the year 2000, organized an exhibition of OSA members, Representations, at the Lieutenant-Governor's Suite in the Legislative Building of Ontario at Queen's Park. Proposed, in collaboration with The Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art, The OSA Millennium Archive Project and Website. This project was initiated in part with funds from the Canada Millennium Partnership Program Based on this project the OSA has received a grant from the Trillium Foundation, Future Reflections, Past Visions, a digital archive of Ontario art-historical reference materials, in collaboration with The Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art, McMichael Canadian Art Collection, the Archives of Canadian Art and Design/the Canadian Art and Design Press, and Culture Connection. Organized an exchange exhibition, Traditional Art of Japan with the International Art Council, Kokusai Bijutsu Shingikai, Japan at the John B. Aird Gallery. The Toronto Chapter of the Ikebana Society provided floral installations. |
Arts Toronto
| 1990 - 1998 | Board of Trustees | 1992 - 1996 | Executive |
John B. Aird Gallery
| 2000 - 2007 | Chair of Management Committee |
| A volunteer committee that oversees as an independent organization, the John B. Aird Gallery at Queen’s Park. It has a mandate to create awareness and exhibits of artworks by contemporary professional artists and artist societies in Ontario. The gallery was originally founded by the Ontario Ministry of Intergovernmental Affairs in collaboration with six visual arts organizations but is independent of the original sponsors. | |
| 2008 | President, Board of Directors |
| The Board has established registration as a Charitable Organization to enhance funding for programs. |
Georgian College, Barrie, Ontario
| 1999 - 2007 | Member, Art Fundamentals Advisory Committee |
Varley Art Gallery, Markham, Ontario
| 2007 - | Member, Board of Directors of the Varley-McKay Art Foundation of Markham; member of the Arts Committee since 2008. |
Juror (Selected)
Annual York Region Juried
Exhibition, The Fredrick Horsman Varley Art Gallery of Markham 1997, 2004
Perspectives Living Arts Centre, Mississauga, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
Fourth Annual Mississauga Arts Awards, Visual Arts Discipline 1998, 1999
Regional Juried Art Exhibition, Thunder Bay Art Gallery 1996
Art Exhibition, Tyndale College and Seminary, Toronto, Ontario 2000
Art and Design Fundamentals, Scholarship Show, Georgian College, Barrie, Ontario 2003,2004
Annual Studio Tour, Town of Richmond Hill, 2003-2008
Uxbridge Juried Art Show, 2008
Galleries Carrying Work
|
Edmonton - The Agnes Bugera Gallery Montreal - The Shayne Gallery Ottawa - Koyman Galleries Oregon, USA - Silver Heron Art Gallery |
Toronto - Art Rental and Sales Gallery AGO Toronto - Trias Gallery Toronto - Gallery 133 Toronto - several art consultants |
Collections (Selected)
Public
| Alberta Art
Foundation, Edmonton, Alberta Art Gallery of Hamilton, Ontario Bowman Collection, Newmarket, Ontario Collection External Affaire, Beijing, China Collection External Affaire, Ottawa, Ontario Ecole de beaux-arts, Montpellier, France Goethe Institute, Montreal, Quebec Government of Alberta Varley Art Gallery, Markham, Ontario |
Kanagawa
Prefectural Gallery, Japan Lester Pearson Collection, Ottawa, Ontario London Regional Art Gallery, Ontario McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Musee du Quebec, Quebec Public Gallery of San Salvador, El Salvador Public Gallery of the City, Vienna, Austria Stewart Hall, Cultural Center, Pointe Claire, Quebec |
Corporate
| ABN Bank,
Toronto, Ontario Abraham, Berkis and Assoc., Toronto, Ontario AGF Management, Toronto, Ontario Alberta Energy CoOperation Alberta Telephone, Calgary, Alberta Alberta Stock Exchange, Calgary, Alberta AT & T Canada Inc., Toronto, Ontario AVCO Financial, Toronto, Ontario AXA Insurance (Canada), Toronto, Ontario Bank of Montreal, Toronto, Ontario Bell Canada, Toronto, Ontario Beneficial Canada, Toronto, Ontario BT Bank of Canada, Toronto, Ontario Camvec, Mississauga, Ontario Canadian Pacific, Montreal, Quebec Canadian Tire, Toronto, Ontario Cassels Brock Blackwell, Toronto, Ontario Chaiton and Chaiton, Toronto, Ontario Chubb Insurance, Toronto, Ontario CIBC, Toronto, Ontario Citadel Assurance Inc., Toronto, Ontario Clarkson Gordon, Toronto, Ontario Coca-Cola Inc., Toronto, Ontario Commercial Union Life Assurance, Toronto, Ontario Cooper and Lybrand Ltd., Toronto, Ontario CP Terminal 3 (Empress Lounge) Pearson Int. Airport, Toronto, Ontario Craftwood Productions, Toronto, Ontario Crown Plaza Hotel, Toronto, Ontario Einfield and Company, Toronto, Ontario Environics Research Group Ltd., Toronto, Ontario Ernst & Young, Vienna, Austria Esso Resources, Calgary and Toronto Fireman Regan, Toronto, Ontario First Assets Triax Capital Management First Professional Mgmt. Inc., Toronto, Ontario Gardiner Roberts, Toronto, Ontario Gaylord National Resort, Maryland, USA Goldfarb Consultants, Toronto, Ontario Gulf Oil Canada, Calgary, Alberta Harris Trust, Sarasota, Florida Hiram Walker, Toronto, Ontario Honda Corporation, Mississauga, Ontario IIM Ltd., Toronto, Ontario Imperial Life, Toronto, Ontario Imperial Oil, Toronto, Ontario Kilmer Van Nostrand Company Limited, Toronto Kraft Canada, Montreal, Ontario |
Lancaster
Financial, Toronto, Ontario Laubacher Chemie Werke, Vienna, Austria Lawson Leasing Ltd., Toronto, Ontario Lindquist Avey MacDonald and Baskerville, Toronto, Ontario Longley and Vickar, Toronto, Ontario M.T. Associates, Toronto, Ontario MacLean Hunter, Toronto, Ontario Magna International, Markham, Ontario ManuLife Real Estate, Toronto, Ontario Marathon Realty, Toronto, Ontario Mark Mickleborough Rogers Campbell, Toronto, Ontario Mazda Canada, Toronto, Ontario McCarney Greenwood Vottero Accountants, Toronto, Ontario McKenna Gale Capital Inc., Toronto, Ontario McKinsey And Company, Toronto, Ontario Medcan Health Management, Toronto, Ontario Merck Frosst Canada Inc., Montreal, Quebec Microsoft, Toronto, Ontario Midlan Walwyn, Toronto and Mississauga, Ontario Morrain Atchison and Denman, Toronto, Ontario National Cash Register, Toronto, Ontario Nesbitt - Thomson, Calgary, Alberta Norcount Control, Toronto, Ontario Pan Canadian Petrolium, Calgary, Alberta Personal Insurance Company, Toronto, Ontario Premdor Inc., Toronto, Ontario Readers Digest, Montreal, Quebec Renfrew Insurance Brokers, Toronto, Ontario Robert Wharton, Toronto, Ontario Royal Bank of Canada, Montreal, Quebec Royal Insurance, Toronto, Ontario Russell Canada Limited, Toronto, Ontario Sheraton Center, Montreal, Quebec Somerville Construction, Toronto, Ontario Standard & Poor, Toronto, Ontario Teddington Ltd., Toronto, Ontario Teleglobe Canada, Montreal, Quebec Thomson Miller, Toronto, Ontario Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center Touche Ross, Ottawa & Toronto, Ontario Unitel Communications Inc., Toronto & Calgary Walter Mackenzie Health Science Centre, Edmonton, Alberta Watson Wyatt Canada, Toronto, Ontario Yam - Aischi Int., Montreal, Quebec Zurich Life Canada, Toronto, Ontario |
Community Work
| 1993-6 | President of the King-Vaughn Environmental Coalition. Founded this citizens group to oppose the mega-dump site proposed in York Region by the Interim Waste Management Committee. On behalf of King Township, the Coalition received Intervener Status from the Provincial Government. Along with the efforts of other groups, the proposal was successfully defeated. |